The figure above shows insulation position for air-conditioned and naturally ventilated spaces in a building in warm climate. Insulation should always be placed on the warmer side of the envelope. In warm climates, insulation should be installed on the outside and in cold climates, on the inside.
Thermal insulation in walls and roofs reduces heat transfer between the inside and outside and helps maintain comfortable indoor temperature. It provides healthier environment, adds sound control, and most important lowers the electricity bills. Insulation helps keep indoor space cooler in summer months and warm during winters.
There are variety of materials to choose from including fibre glass, mineral wool, rock wool, expanded or extruded polystyrene, cellulose, urethane or phenolic foam boards and cotton. They are generally in the form of amorphous wool or rigid sheets, or require in‐situ pouring. Insulation is rated in terms of R‐value. Higher R‐values denote better insulation and translate into more energy savings, much needed to meet NZEB design goals.
Minimum insulation values and thickness recommended by Energy Conservation Building Code for slabs and walls in daytime and 24 x 7 occupied buildings.
Insulation reduces the heat ingress or heat loss through the walls and roofs. This results in better radiant temperatures and higher comfort in the adjoining spaces.
Insulating the roof and walls of a building could reduce the heating or cooling loads by 5-8% and could lead upto 10% reduction in annual heating or cooling energy use. These savings are averaged for typical commercial buildings, and even higher savings can result in buildings with lower temperature setpoints and longer hours of air-conditioning.